Secondary Sources

Secondary Source Material

A statement on Secondary Sources.

Arabic Works:

  1. Sheikh al-azhar Muṣṭafa al-Marāghī’s statement on Ghazālī. (pdf) from Aḥmad Farīd al-Rifaʿī’s book: al-Ghazālī. vol. 1. intro. 
  2. al-Qaradawi, Yusef: al-Imām Ghazālī bayna mādiḥī wa-nāqidhī (Imam Ghazali between his Admirers and Critics) (Beirut: Mūʾassat al-risāla, 1994) (Arabic PDF.) 
  3. al-Shamī, Ṣāliḥ Aḥmad: al-Imam Ghazzali: ḥujjat al-Islām wa-mujaddid al-miʾah al-khāmisa / al-ṭabʿah 1 (Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1993) 264 pp. Series: Aʿlām al-Muslimīn ; 43; Includes bibliographical references.(Arabic pdf)
  4. Al-Qaradaghi, ʿAlī Muḥī al-dīn: ʿAṣr al-Ghazālī [Age (time period) of al-Ghazālī] in the introduction to al-waṣīt fī al-mathhab, by Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, Cairo: Dār al-Anṣār, 1983. pp. 21-293. (PDF)
  5. Amin, Husayn. al-Ghazālī faqīhan, wa faylasūfan wa mutaṣūfan. Baghdad: Maṭabʿa al-Irshād, 1963. 
  6. Al-Ansari, ‘Abd al-Da’im Abu al-‘ata al-Baqari, Itirafat al-Ghazali aw kayfa arrakha Ghazali nafashu. Cairo: Maktaba al-Angelo-Misrya, 1985. (pdf). 
  7. Al-ʿAsam, ʿAbd al-ʾAmīr, Al-faylasūf al-Ghazālī. Beirut: Dar al-Andulus, 1988. (pdf)
  8. Al-Ghazali: from khiṭāb al-falāsifa al-ʿarabīa al-islāmīa (pdf)
  9. Al-Ghazali: from rijāl al-fikr wal-daʿwa, by Abū al-Ḥasan al-Nadawī. Damascus and Beirut, Dār Ibn Kathīr (pdf)1:223–287.  A version has been adapted into English and published twice as: Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi, Saviours of Islamic Spirit, trans. Mohiuddin Ahmad, Lucknow, India: Academy of Islamic Research and Publications, 1983, 1: 112–176.    And more recently as Abu ’l-Hasan ‘Ali al-Hasani Nadwi, Saviours of Islamic Spirit, A New Revised and Edited Translation, Revised and Edited by Abdur-Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera, Santa Barabra, CA, White Thread Press, 2015, pp.: 115–162.
  10. al-Ghazali: From Milal wa al-niḥal by Jaʿfar al-Subḥānī. (Arabic pdf) 
  11. Ghazālī for kids (Nawbigh al-ʿaṣr series) Arabic pdf (with illustrations)

English and other languages: 

  1. Al-Ghazali: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Frank Griffel, August 2007. link 
  2. Watt, W. M. Muslim Intellectual: A Study of Al-Ghazali.  Also in pdf. It was also reviewed by M. Mahdi in 1965. pdf.  
  3. Al-Ghazali: from History of Muslim Philosophy. 
  4. Macdonald, D. B. “The Life of Al-Ghazali with special reference to his religious experiences and opinions” (JAOS). 1887.   Also in (pdf). Based on al-Zabidi’s account above. 
  5. Al-Ghazzali: from History of Islamic Philosophy, by M. Campanini.  
  6. Al-Ghazali: from Encyclopedia of Philosophy, by K. Nakamura.
  7. Al-Ghazali: from Encyclopedia of Religion. by M.  Watt.
  8. Al-Ghazali: from Ghazali and Prayer, K. Nakamura. 
  9. Al-Ghazali: M. Abu Sway. (link) 
  10. Al-Ghazali: from Encyclopedia of Islam, Second edition, by M. Watt, this is also online by subscription only.
  11. Al-Ghazali: from Encyclopedia Iranica. also in (pdf) now online at: Gazali.
  12. Al-Ghazali: G. F. Haddad. (link)
  13. Al-Ghazali: A short standard biography. (Arabic pdf)
  14. Smith, Margret. Al-Ghazali the Mystic. (London: Luzac, 1944) Hijra international Publishers of Lahore, Pakistan reprint. (pdf) Thank you Ken!
  15.  Ghazali from Encyclopedia Britannica.
  16. Zwemer, S. M. A Moslem Seeker after God. (New York: Fleming Revell, 1920) (PDF). (archive.org link)
  17. Watt’s: The Study of al-Ghazali -Published in Orien, vol. 13/14, 1960/1, pp. 121-131. (pdf)
  18. Gardner, W. R. W. 1919. Al-Ghazali. The Islam Series. Madras: The Christian Literature Society for India. 
  19. Gazali, Baron Bernard Carra de Vaux, Paris: F. Alcan, 1902. (archive.org link)
  20. Al-Ghazali: A short biography in Turkish. (link)
  21. Leben und Werk von al-Ghazâlî (Life and works of Ghazali): Silvia Al Saad. (link -in German)