al-fiqhi wa iṣūlihi
Title: {التعليقة} al-Taʿlīqa (a commentary)
Subject: Jurisprudence, Shāfiʿī fiqh
Short description: (a commentary on al-Juwanī’s [1028-1085] Uṣūl al-fiqh work) This work would be superseded by the two works listed below a case of discipulus potior magistro.
Citation/Association: cited by his major biographers including Subkī [Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. ʿAlī al-Subkī, approx. 1327-1370]
Manuscript: None available
Number: [2 (M2, A2) GAL. no 52; K:11936]
Title: {المنخول من تعليقة الإصول} al-Mankhūl min taʿliqat al-iṣūl, (the sifted from the Commentary on the fundamentals)
Subject: Jurisprudential Theory / Principles of Shāfiʿī fiqh
Short description: AG’s early work on legal theory of Muslim Jurisprudence. It followed the teachings of al-Juwaynī [1028-1085], his teacher at the time who was reportedly impressed with this work as is mentioned in some of the early biographical accounts (Al-Fārisī).
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Manuscript: According to Badwaī in Dār al-kutub al-miṣrya there are two mss one number: (iṣūl al-fiqh-188) dated 591AH and a newer copy dated 1320AH (iṣūl al-fiqh-386);
Publication: Arabic: al-Mankhūl min taʿliqat al-iṣūl. edited by Muḥammad Ḥasan Hītu. ND [Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 197?(intro. p.48)] 48pp+541pp. [Ḥaqqaqahu wa-kharraja naṣṣahu wa-ʿallaqa ʿalayhi Muḥammad Ḥasan Hītu. Yunsharu li-awwal marrah ʿan thalath nusakh makhṭuṭah.]
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Refutations: There is untitled work by Shams al-ʾimah Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-satār b. Muḥammad al-ʿImādī al-Kurdī (b. 559- d. 642) in manuscript (in Dār al-kutub al-miṣrya Number: majāmīʿ 600) format that is a refutations of AG’s statements regarding Abu Hanifa in this work.
Number: [3 (M3, A3) GAL. no 48]
Title: {البسيط} al-Basīṭ (The Spread)
Subject: Jurisprudence/ Shāfiʿī fiqh
Short description: AG’s early Jurisprudential work in Shāfiʿī fiqh. Condensed from ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʻAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf al-Juwaynī’s [1028-1085] book Nihāyat al-maṭlab fī dirāyat al-madhhab, which is a commentary on Ismāʿīl b. Yaḥyā al-Muzanī’s, [791-878.] condensation of Shāfiʿī’s kitab al-Um. As far as I know al-Basīṭ has not been published.
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Publication: Sections of this work has been edited as part of a graduate thesis at the Islamic University in Madinah, KSA.
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Number: [4 (M4, A4) GAL I, 424]
Title: {الوسيط في المذهب} Al-wasīṭ fī al-mathab (The medium [digest] in the [Jurisprudential] school).
Subject: Jurisprudence, Shāfiʿī fiqh
Short description: Al-waṣīṭ (The medium). This book is considered one of the five major works in Shāfiʿī school jurisprudence.
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Publication: Al-wasīṭ fī al-mathab: dirasah wa-tahqiq wa-taʿliq ʿAli Muhyi al-Din ʿAli al-Qarah Daghi; tunsharu li-awwal marrah ʿalā ʿashr nusakh fi ghayat al-qidam wa-al-ahammiyah. ([Cairo] : Dar al-Iʿtisam, 1984. 2 v. (879 p.) ; 24 cm.). Claims to have used: “10 old and important Mss” in preparing this edition. One of our source states that this book is not the complete work.
- Al-wasīṭ fī al-mathab: edited by Abi ʿAmr al-Husayni ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-Rahim (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyah, 2001. 4 v. ; 25 cm). While this work contains the complete text it leaves much to be desired in a publication.
- Al-wasīṭ fī al-mathab: editing by Ahmad Mahmud Ibrahim, published with al-Nawawi’s commentary (al-Tanqih fi sharh al-Wasit) and 3 other minor commentaries by dar al-salam Cairo, 1997. [PDF, last accessed 19 April 2016]
Commentaries: al-Nawawī’s [1233-1277] commentary al-Tanqīḥ fī sharḥ al- wasīṭ, Ibn al-Salāḥ’s Sharh mishkil Al-wasīṭ, al-Ḥamawī’s Sharh mishkilāt Al-wasīṭ, Abu al-dam’s taʿlīqa mujaza ʿalā al-wasīṭ
Summaries: None available as far as we know
Number: [M5?, 36; A36; GAL I, 424; K:14191]
Title: {الوجيز في فقه الإمام الشافعي} Al-wajīz fī fiqh al-imām al-Shāfiʿī. (The condensed in Imam Shafi’i’s Jurisprudence)
Subject: Jurisprudence, Shāfiʿī fiqh
Short description: A shorter work on Shāfiʿī fiqh [Islamic Jurisprudence], includes contrary opinions of Mālik, Abu Ḥanīfa and al-Muznī.
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Publication: Al-wajīz fī fiqh al-imām al-Shāfiʿī. 2 vol. ed. ʿAlī Maʿwad and ʿAdil ʿAbdelmawjud, Dār al-ʾarqam: Beirut, 1997. also DKI’s version [PDF last accessed on 19 April 2016]
Commentaries: This book was then expanded upon (sharḥ) by abul-Qāsim al-Rafiʿai called al-ʿazīz sharḥ al-wajīz which in turn was summarized by al-Nawawi in a book called rawdat al-talibin.
Summaries: A summarized (mukhtaṣr) version by abul-Qāsim al-Rafiʿai called al-muharar which in turn was summarized by al-Nawawi in a book called minhāj al-ṭālibīn wa ʿumdat al-muftīn. This work alone has had at least 100 commentaries on it, c.f. pp. 18-43 for an annotated listing.
Number: [M6; A6; GAL S I, 754; K:8378 &11628]
Title: {خلاصة المختصر ونقاوة المعتصر} Khulaṣat al-mukhtaṣir wa naqāwat al-muʿtaṣir. (Néctar of the condensed and the purified in the squeezed)
Subject: Jurisprudence, Shāfiʿī fiqh
Short description: A condensed version of al-Muzni’s fiqh work on Shāfiʿī fiqh [Islamic Jurisprudence].
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Publication: Khulaṣat al-mukhtaṣir wanaqāwat al-muʿtaṣir Amjid Rashīd Muḥammad ʿAlī, Dār al-Minhaj: Jedda, 2007. [PDF, last accessed 19 April 2016]
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Number: [M:59 ; A:63; GAL,S. I. 754, no 51; K:11936]
Title: (المستصفى من علم الأصول) al-Mustaṣfā min ‘ilm al-iṣūl. (On Legal theory of Muslim Jurisprudence).
Subject: Jurisprudence, Principles, I
Short description: A celebrated work of al-Ghazālī on Uṣūl al-fiqh is considered one of four works that all iṣūl works revolve around and they are: 1. The muʿtazalitī ʿAbd al-Jabār (d. 415) al-Qadī’s al-ʿumad; 2. abū al-Ḥusaīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. al-Ṭayyib (d. 436/1044) al-Baṣrī’s sharḥ al-ʿumad (commentary on al-ʿumad); 3. al-Imam al-Ḥarmayyin abū al-Maʿālī (d. 478) Jūwaynī’s al-Burhān and 4. this book. (See Hito’s introduction to al-mankhul p.9 ;27).
Citation/Association:
Manuscript: Ahmet III number 1256, uṣūl copied in 596/1200 (250 sheets) and Ahmet III number 1258, uṣūl copied in 617/1220 (301 sheets).
Publication: Since this work is very popular it has been reprinted many times that it is quite hard to keep up with the many editions available below is a listing of some those editions and some important ones.
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- Originally published: Būlāq, Miṣr: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Amīriȳah, 1324 [1935], recent reprints: al-Mustaṣfá min ʻilm al-uṣūl / li-Abī Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazzālī ; wa-maʻahu Kitāb Fawātiḥ al-raḥamūt li-ʻAbd al-ʻAlī Muḥammad ibn Niẓām al-Dīn al-Anṣārī, bi-Sharh Musallam al-Thubūt fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh li-Muḥibb Allāh ibn ʻAbd al-Shakūr. Bayrūt, Lubnān : Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Tārīkh al-ʻArabī : Muʼassasat al-Tārīkh al-ʻArabī, 1993. [A recent reprint with new typesetting by dār al-Araqam is online at archive.org last accessed 21April2016.]
- another edition without the margins is available here as well last accessed 21April2016.
- al-Mustaṣfa min ‘ilm al-uṣūl / li-Abī Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazzālī ; taḥqīq wa-taʻlīq Muḥammad Sulaymān al-Ashqar. Bayrūt, Lubnān : Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1997.
- Recent edited edition in 4 volumes, edited by H. Z. Hafiz, Jeddah, n.d.: al-Mustaṣfā min ʿilm al-uṣūl / taʾlīf Abī Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazzālī ; dirāsat wa-taḥqīq Ḥamzah ibn Zuhayr Ḥāfiẓ. [Medina] : Ḥ.b.Z. Ḥāfiẓ, 1413 [1993 or 1994], using Būlāq edition and the two Ahmet III manuscripts, See this link on archive.org last accessed 21April2016.
Translation:
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- English: Vol. 1 was translated in: Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali’s Juristic Doctrine in ‘Al-Mustasfa min ‘ilm al-usul’ with a Translation of Volume One of ‘al-Mustasfa min ‘ilm al-usul’. Hammad, Ahmad Zaki, PhD. The University of Chicago, 1987.
- Turkish: Islam Hukunda: Deiller va Yorum Metodolojisi, Turkcesi Yunus Apaydin, Rey Yayincihk, Kayseri, 1994.
Commentaries: Badawī say al-Nasafī completed a commentary on this work in 665/1266, a manuscript of it is in Berlin.
Summaries: by Ibn Rushd [1126-1198], Muḥammad b., al-Ḍarūrī fī uṣūl al-fiqh, aw, Mukhtaṣar al-Mustaṣfā, li-Abī al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Rushd al-Ḥafīd ; taqdīm wa-taḥqīq Jamāl al-Dīn al-ʻAlawī ; taṣdīr Muḥammad ʻAllāl Sīnāṣir. Bayrūt : Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1994. And Ibn Rashīq al-Mālikī, al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAtīq, Lubāb al-maḥṣūl fī ʿilm al-uṣūl aw Mukhtaṣar al-Mustaṣfā lil-Ghazzālī, taʾlīf al-Faqīh al-Uṣūlī Ibn Rashīq al-Mālikī Jamāl al-Dīn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAtīq ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Taghlabī al-Miṣrī al-Mālikī ; taḥqīq al-Duktūrāh Thanāʿ Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Ḥalabī. Dimashq : Dār al-Nawādir, 2012.
Studies: Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali’s Juristic Doctrine in ‘Al-Mustasfa min ‘ilm al-usul’ with a Translation of Volume One of ‘al-Mustasfa min ‘ilm al-usul’. Hammad, Ahmad Zaki, PhD. The University of Chicago, 1987.
Number: [M:67; A:61]
Title: {اساس القياس} Asās al-Qiyās, (foundation of Analogical [reasoning])
Subject: Jurisprudence, Analogical Reasoning
Short description: A primer on Analogical reasoning with examples
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Manuscript: Published from a single available manuscript in Hacı Beşir Ağa collection, Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul, No. 650, ff. 178-201 (dated 815/1412).
Publication: Asās al-Qiyās, edited by Fahd ibn Muḥammad al-Sadḥān (al-Riyad : Maktabat al-ʿUbaykān, 1993).
Translation:
Studies: Germana Porcasi, “On the Islamic Judicial Logic in al-Ghazālī’s ‘Asās al-qiyās”, Journal of Islamic Philosophy 3( 2008) pp. 68-111. And R. BRUNSCHVIG, Valeur et fondement du raisonnement juridique par analogie d’après al-Ghazali, in «Studia Islamica», 34 (1971).
Number: [M:14; A:13]
Title: Fatāwy, Fatāwy al-ghazālī
Subject: Fiqh, Jurisprudence, law, shāfiʿī jurisprudence
Short description: a collection of 190 rulings according to the shāfiʿī jurisprudence school of law
Citation/Association: mentioned by Tāj al-dīn ibn al-Subkī (d. 771/1370) “Ṭabaqat al-shāfiʿiya al-kubra” vol. 6. pp. 191-389.; Taqī al-dīn ibn Qādī Shahba (d. 851/1447) in his “Ṭabaqāt al-Shafiʿiya”; Tash Kubrā Zādah (d. 962/1365) “Miftaḥ al-saʿāda wa misbāḥ al-siyada” p.208; Ibn al-ʿImād al-Ḥanbalī (d.1089/1679) – “Shadharāt al-dhahab fī akhbār man dhahab” Beirut: 1989, Dar ibn Kathir; 6:18-22. (PDF); Katip Celebi’s Kashf al-ẓunūn, 2:1227; Ismail Pasha’s Hadiyat al-ʿarifīn) 2:80; and finally in (Ithaf al-sadah al-mutaqin bi sharh ihya’ ʻulum al-din) by Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1791) who described it well as is in the printed edition mentioned below.
Manuscript: dār al-kutb al-ẓāhiriyya 3 mss (number: 5258/ta31; Number: 2303/ta16 copied in 913/1507; Number: 2311/ta1 copied in 753/1352); Princeton University Library’s two manuscripts from the Garret collection number: 1402/4152, copied in 868/1464; and number: 1418 /547 that has ownership record in 1153/1740. Abu Sway mentions that Nizam Yaqubi had mentioned to him that there is a copy in the Vatican Library.
Publication: Fatāwy al-Ghazālī (Verdicts of al-Ghazālī) edited by Mahmoud M. Abu Sway, Kula Lumpur (1996)- also: al-Fatāwaʹ lil-Imām Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-Ghazzālī / taḥqīq ʻAlī Muṣṭafaʹ al-Ṭassah ; qadama lahu Muṣṭafaʹ Dīb al-Baghā. al-Yamama, Damascus: 2004, al-Yamāmah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ. An edition that utilizes different manuscripts (3 from dar al-kutub al-zahirya) that Abu Sway was not able to get a hold of.
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Title: [حقيقة القولين ] Ḥaqīqat al-qawlayn
Subject: Shāfiʻī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs, 767 or 768-820 — Criticism and interpretation — Early works to 1800.
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Publication: Kitāb Ḥaqīqat al-qawlayn : fī tawjīh takhrīj al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī li-baʿḍ al-masāʾil ʿalā qawlayn / taʾlīf Abī Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsī al-Ghazāli ; taḥqīq Abī ʿAbdallāh al-Dānī ibn Munīr Āl Zahwī. Beirut: Mūʾassasat al-Rayyān, 2007
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